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<h1 id="use-case-6-multi-model-service-with-registration">Use Case 6: Multi-Model Service with Registration</h1>
<p><strong>Scenario:</strong> A social app manages <code>users</code>, <code>posts</code>, and <code>comments</code>. Each has its own model, repository, and indexes — registered centrally and initialized at startup.</p>
<hr />
<h2 id="whats-new">📦 What's New?</h2>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Component</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>ModelRegistry.register</code></td>
<td>One call per collection — model + indexes together.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>ModelRegistry.initialize_all</code></td>
<td>Creates every registered index at startup (idempotent).</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Repositories</td>
<td>One repository class per collection, all sharing the same connection.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<hr />
<h2 id="example">🚀 Example</h2>
<div class="language-python highlight"><span class="filename">Python</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1" href="#__codelineno-0-1"></a><span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">contextlib</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">asynccontextmanager</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-2" name="__codelineno-0-2" href="#__codelineno-0-2"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-3" name="__codelineno-0-3" href="#__codelineno-0-3"></a><span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">fastapi</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">FastAPI</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-4" name="__codelineno-0-4" href="#__codelineno-0-4"></a><span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">mongo_ops</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">BaseDocument</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">BaseRepository</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ModelRegistry</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">MongoConnectionManager</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-5" name="__codelineno-0-5" href="#__codelineno-0-5"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-6" name="__codelineno-0-6" href="#__codelineno-0-6"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-7" name="__codelineno-0-7" href="#__codelineno-0-7"></a><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">User</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">BaseDocument</span><span class="p">):</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-8" name="__codelineno-0-8" href="#__codelineno-0-8"></a> <span class="n">username</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-9" name="__codelineno-0-9" href="#__codelineno-0-9"></a> <span class="n">email</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-10" name="__codelineno-0-10" href="#__codelineno-0-10"></a> <span class="n">role</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;user&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-11" name="__codelineno-0-11" href="#__codelineno-0-11"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-12" name="__codelineno-0-12" href="#__codelineno-0-12"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-13" name="__codelineno-0-13" href="#__codelineno-0-13"></a><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Post</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">BaseDocument</span><span class="p">):</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-14" name="__codelineno-0-14" href="#__codelineno-0-14"></a> <span class="n">title</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-15" name="__codelineno-0-15" href="#__codelineno-0-15"></a> <span class="n">content</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-16" name="__codelineno-0-16" href="#__codelineno-0-16"></a> <span class="n">author_id</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-17" name="__codelineno-0-17" href="#__codelineno-0-17"></a> <span class="n">likes</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-18" name="__codelineno-0-18" href="#__codelineno-0-18"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-19" name="__codelineno-0-19" href="#__codelineno-0-19"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-20" name="__codelineno-0-20" href="#__codelineno-0-20"></a><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Comment</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">BaseDocument</span><span class="p">):</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-21" name="__codelineno-0-21" href="#__codelineno-0-21"></a> <span class="n">post_id</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-22" name="__codelineno-0-22" href="#__codelineno-0-22"></a> <span class="n">user_id</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-23" name="__codelineno-0-23" href="#__codelineno-0-23"></a> <span class="n">content</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-24" name="__codelineno-0-24" href="#__codelineno-0-24"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-25" name="__codelineno-0-25" href="#__codelineno-0-25"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-26" name="__codelineno-0-26" href="#__codelineno-0-26"></a><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">UserRepository</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">BaseRepository</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">User</span><span class="p">]):</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-27" name="__codelineno-0-27" href="#__codelineno-0-27"></a> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-28" name="__codelineno-0-28" href="#__codelineno-0-28"></a> <span class="nb">super</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;users&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">User</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-29" name="__codelineno-0-29" href="#__codelineno-0-29"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-30" name="__codelineno-0-30" href="#__codelineno-0-30"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-31" name="__codelineno-0-31" href="#__codelineno-0-31"></a><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">PostRepository</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">BaseRepository</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Post</span><span class="p">]):</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-32" name="__codelineno-0-32" href="#__codelineno-0-32"></a> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-33" name="__codelineno-0-33" href="#__codelineno-0-33"></a> <span class="nb">super</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;posts&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Post</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-34" name="__codelineno-0-34" href="#__codelineno-0-34"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-35" name="__codelineno-0-35" href="#__codelineno-0-35"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-36" name="__codelineno-0-36" href="#__codelineno-0-36"></a><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">CommentRepository</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">BaseRepository</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Comment</span><span class="p">]):</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-37" name="__codelineno-0-37" href="#__codelineno-0-37"></a> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-38" name="__codelineno-0-38" href="#__codelineno-0-38"></a> <span class="nb">super</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;comments&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Comment</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-39" name="__codelineno-0-39" href="#__codelineno-0-39"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-40" name="__codelineno-0-40" href="#__codelineno-0-40"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-41" name="__codelineno-0-41" href="#__codelineno-0-41"></a><span class="c1"># ---------------------------</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-42" name="__codelineno-0-42" href="#__codelineno-0-42"></a><span class="c1"># Central registration + indexes</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-43" name="__codelineno-0-43" href="#__codelineno-0-43"></a><span class="c1"># ---------------------------</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-44" name="__codelineno-0-44" href="#__codelineno-0-44"></a><span class="n">ModelRegistry</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">register</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;users&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">User</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">indexes</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[(</span><span class="s2">&quot;email&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;username&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)])</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-45" name="__codelineno-0-45" href="#__codelineno-0-45"></a><span class="n">ModelRegistry</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">register</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;posts&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Post</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">indexes</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[(</span><span class="s2">&quot;author_id&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;created_at&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)])</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-46" name="__codelineno-0-46" href="#__codelineno-0-46"></a><span class="n">ModelRegistry</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">register</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;comments&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Comment</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">indexes</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[(</span><span class="s2">&quot;post_id&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;user_id&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)])</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-47" name="__codelineno-0-47" href="#__codelineno-0-47"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-48" name="__codelineno-0-48" href="#__codelineno-0-48"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-49" name="__codelineno-0-49" href="#__codelineno-0-49"></a><span class="c1"># ---------------------------</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-50" name="__codelineno-0-50" href="#__codelineno-0-50"></a><span class="c1"># Lifecycle</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-51" name="__codelineno-0-51" href="#__codelineno-0-51"></a><span class="c1"># ---------------------------</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-52" name="__codelineno-0-52" href="#__codelineno-0-52"></a><span class="nd">@asynccontextmanager</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-53" name="__codelineno-0-53" href="#__codelineno-0-53"></a><span class="k">async</span> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">lifespan</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">_app</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">FastAPI</span><span class="p">):</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-54" name="__codelineno-0-54" href="#__codelineno-0-54"></a> <span class="k">async</span> <span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">MongoConnectionManager</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">lifespan</span><span class="p">(</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-55" name="__codelineno-0-55" href="#__codelineno-0-55"></a> <span class="n">uri</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;mongodb://localhost:27017&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">db_name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;social_app&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-56" name="__codelineno-0-56" href="#__codelineno-0-56"></a> <span class="p">):</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-57" name="__codelineno-0-57" href="#__codelineno-0-57"></a> <span class="k">await</span> <span class="n">ModelRegistry</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">initialize_all</span><span class="p">()</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-58" name="__codelineno-0-58" href="#__codelineno-0-58"></a> <span class="k">yield</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-59" name="__codelineno-0-59" href="#__codelineno-0-59"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-60" name="__codelineno-0-60" href="#__codelineno-0-60"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-61" name="__codelineno-0-61" href="#__codelineno-0-61"></a><span class="n">app</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">FastAPI</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">lifespan</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">lifespan</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-62" name="__codelineno-0-62" href="#__codelineno-0-62"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-63" name="__codelineno-0-63" href="#__codelineno-0-63"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-64" name="__codelineno-0-64" href="#__codelineno-0-64"></a><span class="c1"># Created after connect() — inside the lifespan body is fine, or use a dependency.</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-65" name="__codelineno-0-65" href="#__codelineno-0-65"></a><span class="n">user_repo</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">UserRepository</span><span class="p">()</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-66" name="__codelineno-0-66" href="#__codelineno-0-66"></a><span class="n">post_repo</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">PostRepository</span><span class="p">()</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-67" name="__codelineno-0-67" href="#__codelineno-0-67"></a><span class="n">comment_repo</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">CommentRepository</span><span class="p">()</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-68" name="__codelineno-0-68" href="#__codelineno-0-68"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-69" name="__codelineno-0-69" href="#__codelineno-0-69"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-70" name="__codelineno-0-70" href="#__codelineno-0-70"></a><span class="nd">@app</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">post</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;/users/&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">response_model</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">User</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-71" name="__codelineno-0-71" href="#__codelineno-0-71"></a><span class="k">async</span> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">create_user</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">user</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">User</span><span class="p">):</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-72" name="__codelineno-0-72" href="#__codelineno-0-72"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="k">await</span> <span class="n">user_repo</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">create</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">user</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-73" name="__codelineno-0-73" href="#__codelineno-0-73"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-74" name="__codelineno-0-74" href="#__codelineno-0-74"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-75" name="__codelineno-0-75" href="#__codelineno-0-75"></a><span class="nd">@app</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">post</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;/posts/&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">response_model</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">Post</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-76" name="__codelineno-0-76" href="#__codelineno-0-76"></a><span class="k">async</span> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">create_post</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">post</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Post</span><span class="p">):</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-77" name="__codelineno-0-77" href="#__codelineno-0-77"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="k">await</span> <span class="n">post_repo</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">create</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">post</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-78" name="__codelineno-0-78" href="#__codelineno-0-78"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-79" name="__codelineno-0-79" href="#__codelineno-0-79"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-80" name="__codelineno-0-80" href="#__codelineno-0-80"></a><span class="nd">@app</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">post</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;/comments/&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">response_model</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">Comment</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-81" name="__codelineno-0-81" href="#__codelineno-0-81"></a><span class="k">async</span> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">create_comment</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">comment</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Comment</span><span class="p">):</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-82" name="__codelineno-0-82" href="#__codelineno-0-82"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="k">await</span> <span class="n">comment_repo</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">create</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">comment</span><span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div>
<hr />
<h2 id="tips">💡 Tips</h2>
<ul>
<li><strong>Place <code>user_repo = ...</code> inside the lifespan/after connect.</strong> Module-level instantiation before <code>connect()</code> raises <code>RuntimeError("Database not connected...")</code>.</li>
<li>Model relationships here are plain <code>ObjectId</code> strings stored on the child docs. To resolve them on read, see <a href="../08_population/">use case 08 – Population</a>.</li>
<li>Registering indexes on <code>created_at</code>/<code>author_id</code>/<code>post_id</code> keeps the common queries indexed (see <a href="../13_index_creation/">use case 13</a>).</li>
</ul>
<hr />
<h2 id="related">Related</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="../01_basic_crud/">01 – Basic CRUD</a> · <a href="../08_population/">08 – Population</a> · <a href="../13_index_creation/">13 – Indexes</a></li>
</ul>
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