1270 lines
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1270 lines
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Mongo Ops Documentation
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Index Creation
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Overview
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<a href="../../02_components/" class="md-tabs__link">
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Core Components
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Best Practices
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Common Patterns
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Error Handling
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<a href="../../07_testing_example/" class="md-tabs__link">
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Testing Example
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Mongo Ops Documentation
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Home
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Overview
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Core Components
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Core Components
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Core Components
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</a>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Use Cases
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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Use Cases
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<a href="../01_basic_crud/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Basic CRUD
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../02_custom_repo/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Custom Repo
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../03_transactions/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Transactions
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../04_pagination/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Pagination
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../05_soft_deletes/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Soft Deletes
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../06_multi_model/" class="md-nav__link">
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|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Multi Model
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../07_caching/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Caching
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../08_population/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Population
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../09_advanced_population/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Advanced Population
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../10_cache_and_population/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Cache + Population
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../11_cache_lifecycle/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Cache Lifecycle
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../12_transaction_helper/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Transaction Helper
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active">
|
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|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" type="checkbox" id="__toc">
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||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active" for="__toc">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Index Creation
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<a href="./" class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Index Creation
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="Table of contents">
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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Table of contents
|
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</label>
|
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-component="toc" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="#whats-new" class="md-nav__link">
|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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📦 What's New?
|
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|
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|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="#example" class="md-nav__link">
|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
🚀 Example
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="#tips" class="md-nav__link">
|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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💡 Tips
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="#related" class="md-nav__link">
|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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Related
|
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|
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|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
||
</ul>
|
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|
||
</nav>
|
||
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||
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../14_testing_guide/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Testing Guide
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../15_populating_repository_wiring/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
PopulatingRepository Internals
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../16_cached_repository_intricacies/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Cached Repository Intricacies
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../17_populate_depopulate_examples/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Populate & Depopulate Examples
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
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|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
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|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../04_best_practices/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Best Practices
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../05_patterns/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Common Patterns
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../06_error_handling/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
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|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Error Handling
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../07_testing_example/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Testing Example
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
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|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="md-content" data-md-component="content">
|
||
<article class="md-content__inner md-typeset">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<h1 id="use-case-13-declaring-indexes-single-field-composite-unique">Use Case 13: Declaring Indexes (Single-Field, Composite, Unique)</h1>
|
||
<p><strong>Scenario:</strong> Ensure each collection has the right indexes for fast queries and data integrity — declared in one place and created at startup.</p>
|
||
<hr />
|
||
<h2 id="whats-new">📦 What's New?</h2>
|
||
<table>
|
||
<thead>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th>Component</th>
|
||
<th>Description</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</thead>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td><code>ModelRegistry.register(indexes=...)</code></td>
|
||
<td>Each spec is passed <strong>as-is</strong> to pymongo <code>create_index</code>. Supported forms: tuple <code>("field", direction)</code>, compound list <code>[("a", 1), ("b", -1)]</code>, or a dict with <code>keys</code> + <code>options</code>.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td><code>ModelRegistry.initialize_all</code></td>
|
||
<td>Creates every registered index during startup (idempotent — <code>create_index</code> skips existing indexes).</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<hr />
|
||
<h2 id="example">🚀 Example</h2>
|
||
<div class="language-python highlight"><span class="filename">Python</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1" href="#__codelineno-0-1"></a><span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">contextlib</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">asynccontextmanager</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-2" name="__codelineno-0-2" href="#__codelineno-0-2"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-3" name="__codelineno-0-3" href="#__codelineno-0-3"></a><span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">pymongo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">ASCENDING</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">DESCENDING</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-4" name="__codelineno-0-4" href="#__codelineno-0-4"></a><span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">mongo_ops</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">BaseDocument</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ModelRegistry</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">MongoConnectionManager</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-5" name="__codelineno-0-5" href="#__codelineno-0-5"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-6" name="__codelineno-0-6" href="#__codelineno-0-6"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-7" name="__codelineno-0-7" href="#__codelineno-0-7"></a><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">User</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">BaseDocument</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-8" name="__codelineno-0-8" href="#__codelineno-0-8"></a> <span class="n">username</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">""</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-9" name="__codelineno-0-9" href="#__codelineno-0-9"></a> <span class="n">email</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">""</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-10" name="__codelineno-0-10" href="#__codelineno-0-10"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-11" name="__codelineno-0-11" href="#__codelineno-0-11"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-12" name="__codelineno-0-12" href="#__codelineno-0-12"></a><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">BlogPost</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">BaseDocument</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-13" name="__codelineno-0-13" href="#__codelineno-0-13"></a> <span class="n">author_id</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">""</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-14" name="__codelineno-0-14" href="#__codelineno-0-14"></a> <span class="n">created_at</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">""</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-15" name="__codelineno-0-15" href="#__codelineno-0-15"></a> <span class="n">title</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">""</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-16" name="__codelineno-0-16" href="#__codelineno-0-16"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-17" name="__codelineno-0-17" href="#__codelineno-0-17"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-18" name="__codelineno-0-18" href="#__codelineno-0-18"></a><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Passenger</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">BaseDocument</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-19" name="__codelineno-0-19" href="#__codelineno-0-19"></a> <span class="n">email</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">""</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-20" name="__codelineno-0-20" href="#__codelineno-0-20"></a> <span class="n">seat</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">""</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-21" name="__codelineno-0-21" href="#__codelineno-0-21"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-22" name="__codelineno-0-22" href="#__codelineno-0-22"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-23" name="__codelineno-0-23" href="#__codelineno-0-23"></a><span class="c1"># 1️⃣ Single-field index — email lookups.</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-24" name="__codelineno-0-24" href="#__codelineno-0-24"></a><span class="n">ModelRegistry</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">register</span><span class="p">(</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-25" name="__codelineno-0-25" href="#__codelineno-0-25"></a> <span class="n">collection_name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"users"</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-26" name="__codelineno-0-26" href="#__codelineno-0-26"></a> <span class="n">model</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">User</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-27" name="__codelineno-0-27" href="#__codelineno-0-27"></a> <span class="n">indexes</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[(</span><span class="s2">"email"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ASCENDING</span><span class="p">)],</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-28" name="__codelineno-0-28" href="#__codelineno-0-28"></a><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-29" name="__codelineno-0-29" href="#__codelineno-0-29"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-30" name="__codelineno-0-30" href="#__codelineno-0-30"></a><span class="c1"># 2️⃣ Composite index — queries filtering by author + creation date.</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-31" name="__codelineno-0-31" href="#__codelineno-0-31"></a><span class="n">ModelRegistry</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">register</span><span class="p">(</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-32" name="__codelineno-0-32" href="#__codelineno-0-32"></a> <span class="n">collection_name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"posts"</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-33" name="__codelineno-0-33" href="#__codelineno-0-33"></a> <span class="n">model</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">BlogPost</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-34" name="__codelineno-0-34" href="#__codelineno-0-34"></a> <span class="n">indexes</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[[(</span><span class="s2">"author_id"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ASCENDING</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"created_at"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">DESCENDING</span><span class="p">)]],</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-35" name="__codelineno-0-35" href="#__codelineno-0-35"></a><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-36" name="__codelineno-0-36" href="#__codelineno-0-36"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-37" name="__codelineno-0-37" href="#__codelineno-0-37"></a><span class="c1"># 3️⃣ Unique index with a custom name — enforce unique emails.</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-38" name="__codelineno-0-38" href="#__codelineno-0-38"></a><span class="n">ModelRegistry</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">register</span><span class="p">(</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-39" name="__codelineno-0-39" href="#__codelineno-0-39"></a> <span class="n">collection_name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"passengers"</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-40" name="__codelineno-0-40" href="#__codelineno-0-40"></a> <span class="n">model</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">Passenger</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-41" name="__codelineno-0-41" href="#__codelineno-0-41"></a> <span class="n">indexes</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-42" name="__codelineno-0-42" href="#__codelineno-0-42"></a> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-43" name="__codelineno-0-43" href="#__codelineno-0-43"></a> <span class="s2">"keys"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[(</span><span class="s2">"email"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ASCENDING</span><span class="p">)],</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-44" name="__codelineno-0-44" href="#__codelineno-0-44"></a> <span class="s2">"options"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">"unique"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"name"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"uq_passenger_email"</span><span class="p">},</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-45" name="__codelineno-0-45" href="#__codelineno-0-45"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-46" name="__codelineno-0-46" href="#__codelineno-0-46"></a> <span class="p">],</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-47" name="__codelineno-0-47" href="#__codelineno-0-47"></a><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-48" name="__codelineno-0-48" href="#__codelineno-0-48"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-49" name="__codelineno-0-49" href="#__codelineno-0-49"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-50" name="__codelineno-0-50" href="#__codelineno-0-50"></a><span class="c1"># 4️⃣ Everything is created on startup.</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-51" name="__codelineno-0-51" href="#__codelineno-0-51"></a><span class="nd">@asynccontextmanager</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-52" name="__codelineno-0-52" href="#__codelineno-0-52"></a><span class="k">async</span> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">lifespan</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">_app</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-53" name="__codelineno-0-53" href="#__codelineno-0-53"></a> <span class="k">async</span> <span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">MongoConnectionManager</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">lifespan</span><span class="p">(</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-54" name="__codelineno-0-54" href="#__codelineno-0-54"></a> <span class="n">uri</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"mongodb://localhost:27017"</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-55" name="__codelineno-0-55" href="#__codelineno-0-55"></a> <span class="n">db_name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"mydb"</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-56" name="__codelineno-0-56" href="#__codelineno-0-56"></a> <span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-57" name="__codelineno-0-57" href="#__codelineno-0-57"></a> <span class="k">await</span> <span class="n">ModelRegistry</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">initialize_all</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-58" name="__codelineno-0-58" href="#__codelineno-0-58"></a> <span class="k">yield</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
<hr />
|
||
<h2 id="tips">💡 Tips</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Every spec passes through to <code>collection.create_index(spec)</code> — so MongoDB options like <code>unique</code>, <code>sparse</code>, and <code>expireAfterSeconds</code> (TTL) belong in the <code>options</code> dict.</li>
|
||
<li>Idempotent by construction: <code>create_index</code> is a no-op when a same-shape index already exists.</li>
|
||
<li>Verify with the Mongo shell:</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<div class="language-js highlight"><span class="filename">JavaScript</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-1-1" name="__codelineno-1-1" href="#__codelineno-1-1"></a><span class="nx">db</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">collection</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">getIndexes</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>A <strong>unique</strong> index on an already-duplicated field will fail with <code>DuplicateKeyError</code> on startup — clean the data first.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<hr />
|
||
<h2 id="related">Related</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a href="../01_basic_crud/">01 – Basic CRUD</a> · <a href="../06_multi_model/">06 – Multi-model</a> · <a href="../../02_components/">Components: ModelRegistry</a></li>
|
||
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