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<h1 id="use-case-3-the-operationid-driven-client">Use Case 3: The OperationId-Driven Client</h1>
<p><code>OpenAPIClient</code> is the other side of the contract. It reads the <em>same</em> OpenAPI document the server runs on and exposes one callable per <code>operationId</code> — so "client" and "server" are two views of one truth.</p>
<hr />
<h2 id="1-before-you-start">🔍 1. Before You Start</h2>
<p>The client is <code>httpx</code>-based and returns raw <code>httpx.Response</code> objects — no magic deserialization, no hidden schema inference:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>No</strong> response Pydantic models</li>
<li><strong>No</strong> implicit URL construction (path params are explicit)</li>
<li><strong>No</strong> hand-written <code>requests.get(...)</code> scattered through your code</li>
</ul>
<hr />
<h2 id="2-constructing-the-client">🧬 2. Constructing the Client</h2>
<div class="language-python highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-0-1">1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-0-2">2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-0-3">3</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-0-4">4</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-0-5">5</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-0-1"><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1"></a><span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">openapi_first.loader</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">load_openapi</span>
</span><span id="__span-0-2"><a id="__codelineno-0-2" name="__codelineno-0-2"></a><span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">openapi_first.client</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">OpenAPIClient</span>
</span><span id="__span-0-3"><a id="__codelineno-0-3" name="__codelineno-0-3"></a>
</span><span id="__span-0-4"><a id="__codelineno-0-4" name="__codelineno-0-4"></a><span class="n">spec</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">load_openapi</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"openapi.yaml"</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span><span id="__span-0-5"><a id="__codelineno-0-5" name="__codelineno-0-5"></a><span class="n">client</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">OpenAPIClient</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">spec</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<p>The base URL comes from the spec's <code>servers</code> list (first entry) unless you pass <code>base_url</code> explicitly:</p>
<div class="language-python highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-1-1">1</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-1-1"><a id="__codelineno-1-1" name="__codelineno-1-1"></a><span class="n">client</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">OpenAPIClient</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">spec</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">base_url</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"https://api.internal.myco/v1"</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<p>You can also hand over a preconfigured <code>httpx.Client</code> (custom transport, TLS, retries):</p>
<div class="language-python highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-2-1">1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-2-2">2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-2-3">3</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-2-4">4</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-2-5">5</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-2-6">6</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-2-7">7</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-2-1"><a id="__codelineno-2-1" name="__codelineno-2-1"></a><span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">httpx</span>
</span><span id="__span-2-2"><a id="__codelineno-2-2" name="__codelineno-2-2"></a>
</span><span id="__span-2-3"><a id="__codelineno-2-3" name="__codelineno-2-3"></a><span class="n">transport</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">httpx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">HTTPTransport</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">retries</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span><span id="__span-2-4"><a id="__codelineno-2-4" name="__codelineno-2-4"></a><span class="n">client</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">OpenAPIClient</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span><span id="__span-2-5"><a id="__codelineno-2-5" name="__codelineno-2-5"></a> <span class="n">spec</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="__span-2-6"><a id="__codelineno-2-6" name="__codelineno-2-6"></a> <span class="n">client</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">httpx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Client</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">transport</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">transport</span><span class="p">),</span>
</span><span id="__span-2-7"><a id="__codelineno-2-7" name="__codelineno-2-7"></a><span class="p">)</span>
</span></code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<hr />
<h2 id="3-fail-fast-at-construction">💥 3. Fail-Fast at Construction</h2>
<p><code>OpenAPIClient(...)</code> <strong>raises immediately</strong> if the contract is broken — you find out at startup, not on the first request:</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Violation</th>
<th>Error</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Spec has no <code>servers</code> entry</td>
<td><code>OpenAPIClientError</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Spec has no <code>paths</code></td>
<td><code>OpenAPIClientError</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Operation missing <code>operationId</code></td>
<td><code>OpenAPIClientError</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Duplicate <code>operationId</code></td>
<td><code>OpenAPIClientError</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Operation references unknown parameters</td>
<td><code>OpenAPIClientError</code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Missing <em>required parameters</em> fail at <strong>call time</strong> — pydoclint-grade strictness on the wire.</p>
<hr />
<h2 id="4-calling-operations">📞 4. Calling Operations</h2>
<p>Every <code>operationId</code> becomes a method. The call signature is uniform across the whole client:</p>
<div class="language-python highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-3-1">1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-3-2">2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-3-3">3</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-3-4">4</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-3-5">5</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-3-6">6</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-3-7">7</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-3-8">8</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-3-1"><a id="__codelineno-3-1" name="__codelineno-3-1"></a><span class="n">response</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">client</span><span class="o">.&lt;</span><span class="n">operationId</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-2"><a id="__codelineno-3-2" name="__codelineno-3-2"></a> <span class="o">*</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-3"><a id="__codelineno-3-3" name="__codelineno-3-3"></a> <span class="n">path_params</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">dict</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="kc">None</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-4"><a id="__codelineno-3-4" name="__codelineno-3-4"></a> <span class="n">query</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">dict</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="kc">None</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-5"><a id="__codelineno-3-5" name="__codelineno-3-5"></a> <span class="n">headers</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">dict</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="kc">None</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-6"><a id="__codelineno-3-6" name="__codelineno-3-6"></a> <span class="n">body</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Any</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="kc">None</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-7"><a id="__codelineno-3-7" name="__codelineno-3-7"></a> <span class="n">timeout</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">float</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="kc">None</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-8"><a id="__codelineno-3-8" name="__codelineno-3-8"></a><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="n">httpx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Response</span>
</span></code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<p>Concrete examples (from the <code>crud_app</code> / <code>health_app</code> templates):</p>
<div class="language-python highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-4-1"> 1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-4-2"> 2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-4-3"> 3</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-4-4"> 4</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-4-5"> 5</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-4-6"> 6</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-4-7"> 7</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-4-8"> 8</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-4-9"> 9</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-4-10">10</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-4-11">11</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-4-12">12</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-4-13">13</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-4-14">14</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-4-15">15</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-4-16">16</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-4-17">17</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-4-18">18</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-4-19">19</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-4-1"><a id="__codelineno-4-1" name="__codelineno-4-1"></a><span class="c1"># No parameters — simplest</span>
</span><span id="__span-4-2"><a id="__codelineno-4-2" name="__codelineno-4-2"></a><span class="n">response</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">client</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_health</span><span class="p">()</span>
</span><span id="__span-4-3"><a id="__codelineno-4-3" name="__codelineno-4-3"></a><span class="k">assert</span> <span class="n">response</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">status_code</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">200</span>
</span><span id="__span-4-4"><a id="__codelineno-4-4" name="__codelineno-4-4"></a>
</span><span id="__span-4-5"><a id="__codelineno-4-5" name="__codelineno-4-5"></a><span class="c1"># Path parameter</span>
</span><span id="__span-4-6"><a id="__codelineno-4-6" name="__codelineno-4-6"></a><span class="n">response</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">client</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_item</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">path_params</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">"item_id"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">})</span>
</span><span id="__span-4-7"><a id="__codelineno-4-7" name="__codelineno-4-7"></a>
</span><span id="__span-4-8"><a id="__codelineno-4-8" name="__codelineno-4-8"></a><span class="c1"># Query parameters</span>
</span><span id="__span-4-9"><a id="__codelineno-4-9" name="__codelineno-4-9"></a><span class="n">response</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">client</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">list_items</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">"limit"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"offset"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">})</span>
</span><span id="__span-4-10"><a id="__codelineno-4-10" name="__codelineno-4-10"></a>
</span><span id="__span-4-11"><a id="__codelineno-4-11" name="__codelineno-4-11"></a><span class="c1"># JSON request body</span>
</span><span id="__span-4-12"><a id="__codelineno-4-12" name="__codelineno-4-12"></a><span class="n">response</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">client</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">create_item</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">body</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">"name"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"Orange"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"price"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mf">0.8</span><span class="p">})</span>
</span><span id="__span-4-13"><a id="__codelineno-4-13" name="__codelineno-4-13"></a>
</span><span id="__span-4-14"><a id="__codelineno-4-14" name="__codelineno-4-14"></a><span class="c1"># Custom headers / timeout</span>
</span><span id="__span-4-15"><a id="__codelineno-4-15" name="__codelineno-4-15"></a><span class="n">response</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">client</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_user</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span><span id="__span-4-16"><a id="__codelineno-4-16" name="__codelineno-4-16"></a> <span class="n">path_params</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">"user_id"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">},</span>
</span><span id="__span-4-17"><a id="__codelineno-4-17" name="__codelineno-4-17"></a> <span class="n">headers</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">"X-Internal-Key"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"..."</span><span class="p">},</span>
</span><span id="__span-4-18"><a id="__codelineno-4-18" name="__codelineno-4-18"></a> <span class="n">timeout</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="__span-4-19"><a id="__codelineno-4-19" name="__codelineno-4-19"></a><span class="p">)</span>
</span></code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<p><strong>Returns:</strong> the raw <code>httpx.Response</code>, so <code>status_code</code>, <code>.json()</code>, <code>.headers</code> are all yours to inspect.</p>
<hr />
<h2 id="5-how-parameters-are-bound">🧠 5. How Parameters Are Bound</h2>
<p>For each operation the client knows exactly <em>where</em> each parameter belongs:</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>OpenAPI location</th>
<th>Client kwarg</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>in: path</code></td>
<td><code>path_params[name]</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>in: query</code></td>
<td><code>query[name]</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>in: header</code></td>
<td><code>headers[name]</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>requestBody</code></td>
<td><code>body</code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>JSON media types are sent as <code>json=</code>; other media types as raw <code>content=</code>.</p>
<hr />
<h2 id="6-server-client-one-spec">🔄 6. Server ↔ Client, One Spec</h2>
<div class="language-bash highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-5-1">1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-5-2">2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-5-3">3</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-5-1"><a id="__codelineno-5-1" name="__codelineno-5-1"></a><span class="c1"># One directory, two processes</span>
</span><span id="__span-5-2"><a id="__codelineno-5-2" name="__codelineno-5-2"></a>uvicorn<span class="w"> </span>main:app<span class="w"> </span>--port<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">8000</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># server</span>
</span><span id="__span-5-3"><a id="__codelineno-5-3" name="__codelineno-5-3"></a>python<span class="w"> </span>-c<span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"import asyncio; from client_script import run; asyncio.run(run())"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># client</span>
</span></code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<p>Or the same client against a remote environment:</p>
<div class="language-python highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-6-1">1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-6-2">2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-6-3">3</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-6-4">4</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-6-1"><a id="__codelineno-6-1" name="__codelineno-6-1"></a><span class="n">client</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">OpenAPIClient</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span><span id="__span-6-2"><a id="__codelineno-6-2" name="__codelineno-6-2"></a> <span class="n">spec</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="__span-6-3"><a id="__codelineno-6-3" name="__codelineno-6-3"></a> <span class="n">base_url</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"https://staging.internal.myco"</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="__span-6-4"><a id="__codelineno-6-4" name="__codelineno-6-4"></a><span class="p">)</span>
</span></code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<p>The URL is the <em>only</em> thing that changes between environments — the contract never does.</p>
<hr />
<h2 id="7-operationid-as-the-api">✍️ 7. OperationId as the API</h2>
<p>Because the client is operationId-driven:</p>
<ul>
<li>Adding an operation = adding a method (and vice versa)</li>
<li>No operation can be "forgotten" by the client — it's constructed from the spec</li>
<li><code>operationId</code> is the one name you remember; the HTTP verb/path is an implementation detail</li>
</ul>
<p>If an <code>operationId</code> you call doesn't exist, you get an <code>AttributeError</code> at construction-scan time — never a silent 404.</p>
<hr />
<h2 id="related">Related</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="../../01_overview/">01 – Overview</a> · <a href="../01_quickstart/">01 – Quickstart</a> · <a href="../02_templates/">02 – Templates</a></li>
</ul>
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