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<h1 id="use-case-14-testing-guide-mocking-motor-cache-registry-transactions">Use Case 14: Testing Guide — Mocking Motor, Cache, Registry &amp; Transactions</h1>
<p><strong>Scenario:</strong> Write unit tests that never touch a real MongoDB — mock the collection, the cache backend, and the client, exactly like the library's own test suite (<code>tests/</code>).</p>
<hr />
<h2 id="whats-new">📦 What's New?</h2>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Component</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>AsyncMock</code> collections</td>
<td>Stub <code>find_one</code>, <code>insert_one</code>, <code>find_one_and_update</code>, cursor chains.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Patching <code>MongoConnectionManager.get_database</code></td>
<td>Gives repositories a mock collection without a live connection.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>monkeypatch</code> on <code>get_client</code></td>
<td>Fakes sessions for <code>TransactionManager</code> tests.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Reference tests</td>
<td><code>tests/test_populating_repository.py</code>, <code>tests/test_cache.py</code>, <code>tests/test_registry.py</code>, <code>tests/test_transactions.py</code>.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<hr />
<h2 id="example-boilerplate">🚀 Example Boilerplate</h2>
<div class="language-python highlight"><span class="filename">Python</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1" href="#__codelineno-0-1"></a><span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">pytest</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-2" name="__codelineno-0-2" href="#__codelineno-0-2"></a><span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">unittest.mock</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">AsyncMock</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">MagicMock</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">patch</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-3" name="__codelineno-0-3" href="#__codelineno-0-3"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-4" name="__codelineno-0-4" href="#__codelineno-0-4"></a><span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">bson</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">ObjectId</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-5" name="__codelineno-0-5" href="#__codelineno-0-5"></a><span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">mongo_ops.cache</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">CacheConfig</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">InMemoryCacheBackend</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-6" name="__codelineno-0-6" href="#__codelineno-0-6"></a><span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">mongo_ops.cache.repository</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">CachedBaseRepository</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-7" name="__codelineno-0-7" href="#__codelineno-0-7"></a><span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">mongo_ops.models</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">BaseDocument</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-8" name="__codelineno-0-8" href="#__codelineno-0-8"></a><span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">mongo_ops.registry</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">ModelRegistry</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-9" name="__codelineno-0-9" href="#__codelineno-0-9"></a><span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">mongo_ops.populate</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">PopulateRule</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">PopulationEngine</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-10" name="__codelineno-0-10" href="#__codelineno-0-10"></a><span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">mongo_ops.repository</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">PopulatingRepository</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-11" name="__codelineno-0-11" href="#__codelineno-0-11"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-12" name="__codelineno-0-12" href="#__codelineno-0-12"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-13" name="__codelineno-0-13" href="#__codelineno-0-13"></a><span class="c1"># ----------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-14" name="__codelineno-0-14" href="#__codelineno-0-14"></a><span class="c1"># 1. Models (same shape as the library tests)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-15" name="__codelineno-0-15" href="#__codelineno-0-15"></a><span class="c1"># ----------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-16" name="__codelineno-0-16" href="#__codelineno-0-16"></a><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Profile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">BaseDocument</span><span class="p">):</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-17" name="__codelineno-0-17" href="#__codelineno-0-17"></a> <span class="n">avatar_url</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-18" name="__codelineno-0-18" href="#__codelineno-0-18"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-19" name="__codelineno-0-19" href="#__codelineno-0-19"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-20" name="__codelineno-0-20" href="#__codelineno-0-20"></a><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">User</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">BaseDocument</span><span class="p">):</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-21" name="__codelineno-0-21" href="#__codelineno-0-21"></a> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-22" name="__codelineno-0-22" href="#__codelineno-0-22"></a> <span class="n">profile</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Profile</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="kc">None</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span> <span class="c1"># ObjectId in DB, Profile in memory</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-23" name="__codelineno-0-23" href="#__codelineno-0-23"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-24" name="__codelineno-0-24" href="#__codelineno-0-24"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-25" name="__codelineno-0-25" href="#__codelineno-0-25"></a><span class="c1"># ----------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-26" name="__codelineno-0-26" href="#__codelineno-0-26"></a><span class="c1"># 2. Fixtures</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-27" name="__codelineno-0-27" href="#__codelineno-0-27"></a><span class="c1"># ----------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-28" name="__codelineno-0-28" href="#__codelineno-0-28"></a><span class="nd">@pytest</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fixture</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-29" name="__codelineno-0-29" href="#__codelineno-0-29"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">mock_collection</span><span class="p">():</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-30" name="__codelineno-0-30" href="#__codelineno-0-30"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">AsyncMock</span><span class="p">()</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-31" name="__codelineno-0-31" href="#__codelineno-0-31"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-32" name="__codelineno-0-32" href="#__codelineno-0-32"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-33" name="__codelineno-0-33" href="#__codelineno-0-33"></a><span class="nd">@pytest</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fixture</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-34" name="__codelineno-0-34" href="#__codelineno-0-34"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">engine</span><span class="p">():</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-35" name="__codelineno-0-35" href="#__codelineno-0-35"></a> <span class="n">profile_repo</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">AsyncMock</span><span class="p">()</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-36" name="__codelineno-0-36" href="#__codelineno-0-36"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">PopulationEngine</span><span class="p">({</span><span class="s2">&quot;profiles&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">profile_repo</span><span class="p">})</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-37" name="__codelineno-0-37" href="#__codelineno-0-37"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-38" name="__codelineno-0-38" href="#__codelineno-0-38"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-39" name="__codelineno-0-39" href="#__codelineno-0-39"></a><span class="nd">@pytest</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fixture</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-40" name="__codelineno-0-40" href="#__codelineno-0-40"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">repo</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">mock_collection</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">engine</span><span class="p">):</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-41" name="__codelineno-0-41" href="#__codelineno-0-41"></a> <span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">patch</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;mongo_ops.repository.MongoConnectionManager.get_database&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">mock_db</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-42" name="__codelineno-0-42" href="#__codelineno-0-42"></a> <span class="n">mock_db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">return_value</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="fm">__getitem__</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">return_value</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">mock_collection</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-43" name="__codelineno-0-43" href="#__codelineno-0-43"></a> <span class="n">r</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">PopulatingRepository</span><span class="p">(</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-44" name="__codelineno-0-44" href="#__codelineno-0-44"></a> <span class="s2">&quot;users&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-45" name="__codelineno-0-45" href="#__codelineno-0-45"></a> <span class="n">User</span><span class="p">,</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-46" name="__codelineno-0-46" href="#__codelineno-0-46"></a> <span class="n">population_engine</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">engine</span><span class="p">,</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-47" name="__codelineno-0-47" href="#__codelineno-0-47"></a> <span class="n">populate_rules</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">PopulateRule</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">field_name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;profile&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">collection_name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;profiles&quot;</span><span class="p">)],</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-48" name="__codelineno-0-48" href="#__codelineno-0-48"></a> <span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-49" name="__codelineno-0-49" href="#__codelineno-0-49"></a> <span class="n">r</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">collection</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">mock_collection</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-50" name="__codelineno-0-50" href="#__codelineno-0-50"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">r</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-51" name="__codelineno-0-51" href="#__codelineno-0-51"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-52" name="__codelineno-0-52" href="#__codelineno-0-52"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-53" name="__codelineno-0-53" href="#__codelineno-0-53"></a><span class="c1"># ----------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-54" name="__codelineno-0-54" href="#__codelineno-0-54"></a><span class="c1"># 3. Population — get_by_id resolves the reference</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-55" name="__codelineno-0-55" href="#__codelineno-0-55"></a><span class="c1"># ----------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-56" name="__codelineno-0-56" href="#__codelineno-0-56"></a><span class="nd">@pytest</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mark</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">asyncio</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-57" name="__codelineno-0-57" href="#__codelineno-0-57"></a><span class="k">async</span> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">test_get_by_id_populates</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">repo</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">mock_collection</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">engine</span><span class="p">):</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-58" name="__codelineno-0-58" href="#__codelineno-0-58"></a> <span class="n">uid</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pid</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ObjectId</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="n">ObjectId</span><span class="p">()</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-59" name="__codelineno-0-59" href="#__codelineno-0-59"></a> <span class="n">mock_collection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">find_one</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">return_value</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-60" name="__codelineno-0-60" href="#__codelineno-0-60"></a> <span class="s2">&quot;_id&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">uid</span><span class="p">,</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-61" name="__codelineno-0-61" href="#__codelineno-0-61"></a> <span class="s2">&quot;name&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;Alice&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-62" name="__codelineno-0-62" href="#__codelineno-0-62"></a> <span class="s2">&quot;profile&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">pid</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="c1"># ObjectId stored in DB</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-63" name="__codelineno-0-63" href="#__codelineno-0-63"></a> <span class="s2">&quot;created_at&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;2024-01-01T00:00:00&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-64" name="__codelineno-0-64" href="#__codelineno-0-64"></a> <span class="s2">&quot;updated_at&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;2024-01-01T00:00:00&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-65" name="__codelineno-0-65" href="#__codelineno-0-65"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-66" name="__codelineno-0-66" href="#__codelineno-0-66"></a> <span class="n">engine</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_repos</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;profiles&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_by_id</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">return_value</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Profile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">pid</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">avatar_url</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;pic.png&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-67" name="__codelineno-0-67" href="#__codelineno-0-67"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-68" name="__codelineno-0-68" href="#__codelineno-0-68"></a> <span class="n">result</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">await</span> <span class="n">repo</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_by_id</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">uid</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-69" name="__codelineno-0-69" href="#__codelineno-0-69"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-70" name="__codelineno-0-70" href="#__codelineno-0-70"></a> <span class="k">assert</span> <span class="n">result</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-71" name="__codelineno-0-71" href="#__codelineno-0-71"></a> <span class="k">assert</span> <span class="n">result</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;Alice&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-72" name="__codelineno-0-72" href="#__codelineno-0-72"></a> <span class="k">assert</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">result</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">profile</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Profile</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-73" name="__codelineno-0-73" href="#__codelineno-0-73"></a> <span class="k">assert</span> <span class="n">result</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">profile</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">avatar_url</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;pic.png&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-74" name="__codelineno-0-74" href="#__codelineno-0-74"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-75" name="__codelineno-0-75" href="#__codelineno-0-75"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-76" name="__codelineno-0-76" href="#__codelineno-0-76"></a><span class="c1"># ----------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-77" name="__codelineno-0-77" href="#__codelineno-0-77"></a><span class="c1"># 4. Patch FK guard</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-78" name="__codelineno-0-78" href="#__codelineno-0-78"></a><span class="c1"># ----------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-79" name="__codelineno-0-79" href="#__codelineno-0-79"></a><span class="nd">@pytest</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mark</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">asyncio</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-80" name="__codelineno-0-80" href="#__codelineno-0-80"></a><span class="k">async</span> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">test_patch_rejects_fk_field</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">repo</span><span class="p">):</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-81" name="__codelineno-0-81" href="#__codelineno-0-81"></a> <span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">pytest</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">raises</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ne">ValueError</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">match</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;Cannot patch FK fields&quot;</span><span class="p">):</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-82" name="__codelineno-0-82" href="#__codelineno-0-82"></a> <span class="k">await</span> <span class="n">repo</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">patch</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ObjectId</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">&quot;profile&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">ObjectId</span><span class="p">()})</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-83" name="__codelineno-0-83" href="#__codelineno-0-83"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-84" name="__codelineno-0-84" href="#__codelineno-0-84"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-85" name="__codelineno-0-85" href="#__codelineno-0-85"></a><span class="c1"># ----------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-86" name="__codelineno-0-86" href="#__codelineno-0-86"></a><span class="c1"># 5. Registry — index specs pass through to create_index</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-87" name="__codelineno-0-87" href="#__codelineno-0-87"></a><span class="c1"># ----------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-88" name="__codelineno-0-88" href="#__codelineno-0-88"></a><span class="nd">@pytest</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mark</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">asyncio</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-89" name="__codelineno-0-89" href="#__codelineno-0-89"></a><span class="k">async</span> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">test_initialize_all_creates_indexes</span><span class="p">():</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-90" name="__codelineno-0-90" href="#__codelineno-0-90"></a> <span class="n">ModelRegistry</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">register</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;users&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">User</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">indexes</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[(</span><span class="s2">&quot;email&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)])</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-91" name="__codelineno-0-91" href="#__codelineno-0-91"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-92" name="__codelineno-0-92" href="#__codelineno-0-92"></a> <span class="n">fake_collection</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">AsyncMock</span><span class="p">()</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-93" name="__codelineno-0-93" href="#__codelineno-0-93"></a> <span class="k">await</span> <span class="n">ModelRegistry</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">initialize_all</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">&quot;users&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">fake_collection</span><span class="p">})</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-94" name="__codelineno-0-94" href="#__codelineno-0-94"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-95" name="__codelineno-0-95" href="#__codelineno-0-95"></a> <span class="n">fake_collection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">create_index</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">assert_awaited_once_with</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="s2">&quot;email&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">))</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-96" name="__codelineno-0-96" href="#__codelineno-0-96"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-97" name="__codelineno-0-97" href="#__codelineno-0-97"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-98" name="__codelineno-0-98" href="#__codelineno-0-98"></a><span class="c1"># ----------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-99" name="__codelineno-0-99" href="#__codelineno-0-99"></a><span class="c1"># 6. Cached repository — cache-first reads + invalidation</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-100" name="__codelineno-0-100" href="#__codelineno-0-100"></a><span class="c1"># ----------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-101" name="__codelineno-0-101" href="#__codelineno-0-101"></a><span class="nd">@pytest</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mark</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">asyncio</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-102" name="__codelineno-0-102" href="#__codelineno-0-102"></a><span class="k">async</span> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">test_cached_get_by_id_populates_cache</span><span class="p">():</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-103" name="__codelineno-0-103" href="#__codelineno-0-103"></a> <span class="n">backend</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">InMemoryCacheBackend</span><span class="p">(</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-104" name="__codelineno-0-104" href="#__codelineno-0-104"></a> <span class="n">max_entries</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">default_ttl</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">300</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cleanup_interval</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">9999</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-105" name="__codelineno-0-105" href="#__codelineno-0-105"></a> <span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-106" name="__codelineno-0-106" href="#__codelineno-0-106"></a> <span class="k">await</span> <span class="n">backend</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">initialize</span><span class="p">()</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-107" name="__codelineno-0-107" href="#__codelineno-0-107"></a> <span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-108" name="__codelineno-0-108" href="#__codelineno-0-108"></a> <span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">patch</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;mongo_ops.repository.MongoConnectionManager.get_database&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">mock_db</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-109" name="__codelineno-0-109" href="#__codelineno-0-109"></a> <span class="n">mock_collection</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">AsyncMock</span><span class="p">()</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-110" name="__codelineno-0-110" href="#__codelineno-0-110"></a> <span class="n">mock_db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">return_value</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="fm">__getitem__</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">return_value</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">mock_collection</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-111" name="__codelineno-0-111" href="#__codelineno-0-111"></a> <span class="n">repo</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">CachedBaseRepository</span><span class="p">(</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-112" name="__codelineno-0-112" href="#__codelineno-0-112"></a> <span class="s2">&quot;users&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">User</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">backend</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">CacheConfig</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">enabled</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-113" name="__codelineno-0-113" href="#__codelineno-0-113"></a> <span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-114" name="__codelineno-0-114" href="#__codelineno-0-114"></a> <span class="n">repo</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">collection</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">mock_collection</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-115" name="__codelineno-0-115" href="#__codelineno-0-115"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-116" name="__codelineno-0-116" href="#__codelineno-0-116"></a> <span class="n">oid</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ObjectId</span><span class="p">()</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-117" name="__codelineno-0-117" href="#__codelineno-0-117"></a> <span class="n">mock_collection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">find_one</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">return_value</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-118" name="__codelineno-0-118" href="#__codelineno-0-118"></a> <span class="s2">&quot;_id&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">oid</span><span class="p">,</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-119" name="__codelineno-0-119" href="#__codelineno-0-119"></a> <span class="s2">&quot;name&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;cached&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-120" name="__codelineno-0-120" href="#__codelineno-0-120"></a> <span class="s2">&quot;created_at&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;2024-01-01T00:00:00&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-121" name="__codelineno-0-121" href="#__codelineno-0-121"></a> <span class="s2">&quot;updated_at&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;2024-01-01T00:00:00&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-122" name="__codelineno-0-122" href="#__codelineno-0-122"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-123" name="__codelineno-0-123" href="#__codelineno-0-123"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-124" name="__codelineno-0-124" href="#__codelineno-0-124"></a> <span class="n">first</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">await</span> <span class="n">repo</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_by_id</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">oid</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-125" name="__codelineno-0-125" href="#__codelineno-0-125"></a> <span class="k">assert</span> <span class="n">first</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-126" name="__codelineno-0-126" href="#__codelineno-0-126"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-127" name="__codelineno-0-127" href="#__codelineno-0-127"></a> <span class="n">mock_collection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">find_one</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">return_value</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span> <span class="c1"># DB now &quot;empty&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-128" name="__codelineno-0-128" href="#__codelineno-0-128"></a> <span class="n">second</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">await</span> <span class="n">repo</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_by_id</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">oid</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># served from cache</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-129" name="__codelineno-0-129" href="#__codelineno-0-129"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-130" name="__codelineno-0-130" href="#__codelineno-0-130"></a> <span class="k">assert</span> <span class="n">second</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-131" name="__codelineno-0-131" href="#__codelineno-0-131"></a> <span class="k">assert</span> <span class="n">second</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;cached&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-132" name="__codelineno-0-132" href="#__codelineno-0-132"></a> <span class="n">mock_collection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">find_one</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">assert_awaited_once</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="c1"># only one DB read</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-133" name="__codelineno-0-133" href="#__codelineno-0-133"></a> <span class="k">finally</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-134" name="__codelineno-0-134" href="#__codelineno-0-134"></a> <span class="k">await</span> <span class="n">backend</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">shutdown</span><span class="p">()</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-135" name="__codelineno-0-135" href="#__codelineno-0-135"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-136" name="__codelineno-0-136" href="#__codelineno-0-136"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-137" name="__codelineno-0-137" href="#__codelineno-0-137"></a><span class="c1"># ----------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-138" name="__codelineno-0-138" href="#__codelineno-0-138"></a><span class="c1"># 7. Transactions — fake the client&#39;s start_session</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-139" name="__codelineno-0-139" href="#__codelineno-0-139"></a><span class="c1"># ----------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-140" name="__codelineno-0-140" href="#__codelineno-0-140"></a><span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">mongo_ops.transactions</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">TransactionManager</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-141" name="__codelineno-0-141" href="#__codelineno-0-141"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-142" name="__codelineno-0-142" href="#__codelineno-0-142"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-143" name="__codelineno-0-143" href="#__codelineno-0-143"></a><span class="nd">@pytest</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mark</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">asyncio</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-144" name="__codelineno-0-144" href="#__codelineno-0-144"></a><span class="k">async</span> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">test_execute_transaction</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">monkeypatch</span><span class="p">):</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-145" name="__codelineno-0-145" href="#__codelineno-0-145"></a> <span class="n">session_ctx</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">AsyncMock</span><span class="p">()</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-146" name="__codelineno-0-146" href="#__codelineno-0-146"></a> <span class="n">session_ctx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="fm">__aenter__</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">return_value</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">AsyncMock</span><span class="p">()</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-147" name="__codelineno-0-147" href="#__codelineno-0-147"></a> <span class="n">session_ctx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="fm">__aexit__</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">return_value</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-148" name="__codelineno-0-148" href="#__codelineno-0-148"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-149" name="__codelineno-0-149" href="#__codelineno-0-149"></a> <span class="n">client</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">MagicMock</span><span class="p">()</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-150" name="__codelineno-0-150" href="#__codelineno-0-150"></a> <span class="n">client</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">start_session</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">AsyncMock</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">return_value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">session_ctx</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-151" name="__codelineno-0-151" href="#__codelineno-0-151"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-152" name="__codelineno-0-152" href="#__codelineno-0-152"></a> <span class="c1"># NOTE: start_transaction must return a context manager, not a coroutine.</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-153" name="__codelineno-0-153" href="#__codelineno-0-153"></a> <span class="n">async_session</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">session_ctx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="fm">__aenter__</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">return_value</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-154" name="__codelineno-0-154" href="#__codelineno-0-154"></a> <span class="n">async_session</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">start_transaction</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">lambda</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">_</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">session_ctx</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-155" name="__codelineno-0-155" href="#__codelineno-0-155"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-156" name="__codelineno-0-156" href="#__codelineno-0-156"></a> <span class="n">monkeypatch</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setattr</span><span class="p">(</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-157" name="__codelineno-0-157" href="#__codelineno-0-157"></a> <span class="s2">&quot;mongo_ops.transactions.MongoConnectionManager.get_client&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-158" name="__codelineno-0-158" href="#__codelineno-0-158"></a> <span class="k">lambda</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">client</span><span class="p">,</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-159" name="__codelineno-0-159" href="#__codelineno-0-159"></a> <span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-160" name="__codelineno-0-160" href="#__codelineno-0-160"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-161" name="__codelineno-0-161" href="#__codelineno-0-161"></a> <span class="k">async</span> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">fake_op</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">session</span><span class="p">):</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-162" name="__codelineno-0-162" href="#__codelineno-0-162"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="s2">&quot;ok&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-163" name="__codelineno-0-163" href="#__codelineno-0-163"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-164" name="__codelineno-0-164" href="#__codelineno-0-164"></a> <span class="n">results</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">await</span> <span class="n">TransactionManager</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute_transaction</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="n">fake_op</span><span class="p">])</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-165" name="__codelineno-0-165" href="#__codelineno-0-165"></a> <span class="k">assert</span> <span class="n">results</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;ok&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span>
</code></pre></div>
<hr />
<h2 id="tips">💡 Tips</h2>
<ul>
<li>pytest-asyncio is already configured in <code>pyproject.toml</code> (<code>asyncio_mode = "auto"</code>), so <code>@pytest.mark.asyncio</code> tests work out of the box. Run with <code>pytest</code> (coverage reports are enabled there too).</li>
<li><strong>Never hit the network.</strong> Keep the patches in fixtures (or a <code>conftest.py</code>) and reuse them.</li>
<li>Mock <code>cursor</code> chains with <code>MagicMock()</code> + <code>.to_list = AsyncMock(...)</code>, exactly like <code>tests/test_repository.py</code>.</li>
<li>For an optional integration check (real Mongo), use <code>MongoConnectionManager.lifespan</code> against a local replica set and drop the test database in teardown — keep it separate from the unit suite.</li>
<li>The pattern works symmetrically for Redis: mock the <code>RedisCacheBackend</code> methods (<code>get</code>, <code>set</code>, <code>delete</code>) — no Redis process required.</li>
</ul>
<hr />
<h2 id="related">Related</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="../08_population/">08 – Population</a> · <a href="../07_caching/">07 – Caching</a> · <a href="../12_transaction_helper/">12 – Transaction helper</a></li>
</ul>
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